![]() Operant conditioning, sometimes called instrumental learning, was first extensively studied by Edward L. They have also been applied to the study of social psychology, helping to clarify certain phenomena such as the false consensus effect. The study of animal learning in the 20th century was dominated by the analysis of these two sorts of learning, and they are still at the core of behavior analysis. In contrast, operant conditioning is voluntary and depends on the consequences of a behavior. Operant conditioning differs from classical conditioning, which is a process where stimuli are paired with biologically significant events to produce involuntary and reflexive behaviors. Both kinds of stimuli can be further categorised into positive and negative stimuli, which respectively involve the addition or removal of environmental stimuli. Reinforcements are environmental stimuli that increase behaviors, whereas punishments are stimuli that decrease behaviors. In the 20th century, operant conditioning was studied by behaviorist psychologists, who believed that much, if not all, of mind and behaviour can be explained as a result of environmental conditioning. Operant conditioning originated in the work of Edward Thorndike, whose law of effect theorised that behaviors arise as a result of whether their consequences are satisfying or discomforting. ![]() In it, operants-behaviors that affect one's environment-are conditioned to occur or not occur depending on the environmental consequences of the behavior. Operant conditioning, also called instrumental conditioning, is a learning process where behaviors are modified through the association of stimuli with reinforcement or punishment. ![]() Type of associative learning process for behavioral modification
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